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1.
Environmental Pollution ; : 120604, 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-2095318

ABSTRACT

The association between oxidative protein damage in early pregnant women and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is unknown. We estimated the effect of PM2.5 exposures within seven days before blood collection on serum 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in 100 women with normal early pregnancy (NEP) and 100 women with clinically recognized early pregnancy loss (CREPL). Temporally-adjusted land use regression model was applied for estimation of maternal daily PM2.5 exposure. Single-day lag effect of PM2.5 was analyzed using multivariable linear regression model. Net cumulative effect and distributed lag effect of PM2.5 within seven days were analyzed using distributed lag non-linear model. In all 200 subjects, the serum 3-NT were significantly increased with the single-day lag effects (4.72%–8.04% increased at lag 0–2), distributed lag effects (2.32%–3.49% increased at lag 0–2), and cumulative effect within seven days (16.91% increased). The single-day lag effects (7.41%–10.48% increased at lag 0–1), distributed lag effects (3.42%–5.52% increased at lag 0–2), and cumulative effect within seven days (24.51% increased) of PM2.5 significantly increased serum 3-NT in CREPL group but not in NEP group. The distributed lag effects (2.62%–4.54% increased at lag 0–2) and cumulative effect within seven days (20.25% increased) of PM2.5 significantly increased serum AOPP in early pregnant women before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic but not after that. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposures were associated with oxidative stress to protein in pregnant women in the first trimester. Wearing masks may be potentially preventive in PM2.5 exposure and its related oxidative protein damage. Whether PM2.5–associated systemic 3-NT increase contributes to the pathogenic mechanisms of spontaneous abortion remains to be further investigated.

3.
Transfusion ; 61(6): 1740-1748, 2021 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1243668

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While convalescent plasma (CP) may benefit patients with COVID-19, fundamental questions remain regarding its efficacy, including the components of CP that may contribute to its therapeutic effect. Most current serological evaluation of CP relies on examination of total immunoglobulin or IgG-specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. However, IgA antibodies, which also circulate and are secreted along the respiratory mucosa, represent a relatively uncharacterized component of CP. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Residual samples from patients and CP donors were assessed for IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers against the receptor-binding domain responsible for viral entry. Symptom onset was obtained by chart review. RESULTS: Increased IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels correlated with clinical improvement and viral clearance in an infant with COVID-19, prompting a broader examination of IgA levels among CP donors and hospitalized patients. Significant heterogeneity in IgA levels was observed among CP donors, which correlated weakly with IgG levels or the results of a commonly employed serological test. Unlike IgG and IgM, IgA levels were also more likely to be variable in hospitalized patients and this variability persisted in some patients >14 days following symptom onset. IgA levels were also less likely to be sustained than IgG levels following subsequent CP donation. CONCLUSIONS: IgA levels can be very heterogenous among CP donors and hospitalized patients and do not necessarily correlate with commonly employed testing platforms. Examining isotype levels in CP and COVID-19 patients may allow for a tailored approach when seeking to fill specific gaps in humoral immunity.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/therapy , Convalescence , Immunoglobulin A/blood , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Blood Donors , Down Syndrome/complications , Down Syndrome/immunology , Down Syndrome/therapy , Female , Heart Septal Defects/complications , Heart Septal Defects/immunology , Heart Septal Defects/therapy , Humans , Immunity, Humoral/immunology , Immunization, Passive/methods , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Infant , Retrospective Studies , Serologic Tests , United States , COVID-19 Serotherapy
4.
J Clin Microbiol ; 59(4)2021 03 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1166354

ABSTRACT

Accurate diagnosis of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical for appropriate management of patients with this disease. We examined the possible complementary role of laboratory-developed class-specific clinical serology in assessing SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. Serological tests for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using samples from real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)-confirmed inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. We analyzed the influence of timing and clinical severity on the diagnostic value of class-specific COVID-19 serology testing. Cross-sectional analysis revealed higher sensitivity and specificity at lower optical density cutoffs for IgA in hospitalized patients than for IgG and IgM serology (IgG area under the curve [AUC] of 0.91 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.89 to 0.93] versus IgA AUC of 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96 to 0.98] versus IgM AUC of 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92 to 0.97]). The enhanced performance of IgA serology was apparent in the first 2 weeks after symptom onset and the first week after PCR testing. In patients requiring intubation, all three tests exhibit enhanced sensitivity. Among PCR-negative patients under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 out of 61 showed clear evidence of seroconversion IgG, IgA, and IgM. Suspected false-positive results in the latter population were most frequently observed in IgG and IgM serology tests. Our findings suggest the potential utility of IgA serology in the acute setting and explore the benefits and limitations of class-specific serology as a complementary diagnostic tool to PCR for COVID-19 in the acute setting.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Antibodies, Viral , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Immunoglobulin M , Sensitivity and Specificity
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